Knowledge in Bachelor of science
Bsc (2nd semester) 1st year BOTANY-paper- biostatistics part -2
It's main focus is to concentrate upon the important topic such as measure of central tendency, mean, median and mode coming up in next clip ( it's types , merit , methodology, definition & limitations ) some of the illustration through examples with the chart construction and an add on shortcut methods . It's introduction with some of the definations given by scientists , other two parts is mode soon their picture would aslo be uploded with their defination , history , types examples and question papers . This is very important topic of biostatistics summing up with it's disruptive and discipline explanation , i can also make a video to make it understand briefly with solving examples
Akansha pandey
Bsc (2nd semester) 1st year BOTANY-paper- biostatistics part -2
It's main focus is to concentrate upon the important topic such as measure of central tendency, mean, median and mode coming up in next clip ( it's types , merit , methodology, definition & limitations ) some of the illustration through examples with the chart construction and an add on shortcut methods . It's introduction with some of the definations given by scientists , other two parts is mode soon their picture would aslo be uploded with their defination , history , types examples and question papers . This is very important topic of biostatistics summing up with it's disruptive and discipline explanation , i can also make a video to make it understand briefly with solving examples
Bsc (2nd semester) 1st year BOTANY-paper- biostatistics part -2
It's main focus is to concentrate upon the important topic such as measure of central tendency, mean, median and mode coming up in next clip ( it's types , merit , methodology, definition & limitations ) some of the illustration through examples with the chart construction and an add on shortcut methods . It's introduction with some of the definations given by scientists , other two parts is mode soon their picture would aslo be uploded with their defination , history , types examples and question papers . This is very important topic of biostatistics summing up with it's disruptive and discipline explanation , i can also make a video to make it understand briefly with solving examples
Bsc1st year (2nd sem) 2020 4 paper pattern paper -ecology of botany- topic Ecosystem (the water cycle)
Ecosystem is a part of ecology in which we study the basic function and reactions going on in atmosphere , it's main function is to study about life i.e..,biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment , with it's consisting life cycle ..........the water cycle , phosphorous cycle , carbon cycle , nitrogen cycle sulfur cycle etc ............this part sum-ups with the water cycle (The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth) With the help of various sought of diagrams and the mechanism to make it's study simple and grounded
Bsc1st year (2nd sem) 2020 4 paper pattern paper- Botany paper biostatics- Topic Mode
It's main focus is to concentrate the important topic such as measure of central tendency , mean , median and mode ( it's types , merit & limitations ) some of the illustration through examples with the chart construction and an add on shortcut methods . It's introduction with some of the definations given by scientists , other two parts are median and mean uploded with their defination , history , types examples and question papers . This is very important topic of biostatistics summing up with it's disruptive and discipline explanation . The mode of a set of data values is the value that appears most often. If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which the probability mass function takes its maximum value. In other words, it is the value that is most likely to be sampled
bsc zbc( 1st sem )ecology topic carbon cycle
The series of processes by which carbon compounds are inter converted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels. This process focus upon the ecological carbon cycle with it's diagram.........it's basically the second clip , first clip is that of the water cycle
Bsc(2nd sem ) 1st year zbc (zoology) topic gene material and DNA
Genetic material is called DNA and RNA. DNA is the hereditary material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (animal and plant) and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) that determines the composition of the organism. Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically
Bsc(2nd sem ) 1st year zbc (zoology) topic gene material and RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller molecules called ribonucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). RNA is often compared to a copy from a reference book, or a template, because it carries the same information as its DNA template but is not used for long-term storage. Each ribonucleotide base consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Adjacent ribose nucleotide bases are chemically attached to one another in a chain via chemical bonds called phosphodiester bonds. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded. Additionally, RNA contains ribose sugars rather than deoxyribose sugars, which makes RNA more unstable and more prone to degradation. RNA is synthesized from DNA by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase during a process called transcription. The new RNA sequences are complementary to their DNA template, rather than being identical copies of the template. RNA is then translated into proteins by structures called ribosomes. There are three types of RNA involved in the translation process: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). And at last how is rna different form dna .
Topic - 11th & 12th & bsc dna fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation. A DNA sample taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample from a suspect.DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding The technique of DNA fingerprinting was developed in 1984 by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys, after he noticed that certain sequences of highly variable DNA (known as minisatellites), which do not contribute to the functions of genes , are repeated within genes.An early use of DNA fingerprinting was in legal disputes, notably to help solve crimes and to determine paternity. It is also used to identify inherited genetic diseases and can be used to identify genetic matches between tissue donors and recipients. DNA fingerprinting is also a valuable tool for confirming pedigree in animals, such as purebred dogs and racehorses.Sample contamination, faulty preparation procedures, and mistakes in interpretation of results are major sources of error in DNA fingerprinting. These issues can cause discrepancies between biological proof and legal proof in court cases. In forensics , large amounts of high-quality DNA are needed, yet forensic DNA samples frequently are degraded or are collected postmortem, rendering them of lower quality and subject to producing less reliable results than samples obtained from a living individual.
Topic 11th & 12th & neet & bsc & phd & msc (protein synthesis )
Protein biosynthesis is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a variety of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones and therefore, are crucial biological componentsProtein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.In the synthesis of protein, three types of RNA are required. The first is called ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and is used to manufacture ribosomes. Ribosomes are ultramicroscopic particles of rRNA and protein where amino acids are linked to one another during the synthesis of proteins.STEP 1: The first step in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus. At some other prior time, the various other types of RNA have been synthesized using the appropriate DNA. The RNAs migrate from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA is snatched up by tiny protein-assembly machines called ribosomes. Each ribosome works its way along the mRNA, reading the code from 'start' to 'stop', selecting the correct amino acid building blocks and ejecting a growing protein.
Bsc , zbc , zoology , molecular cloning , restriction enzyme , dna ligase
Key points for bsc (Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms).restriction enzyme (A restriction enzyme is a protein that recognizes a specific, short nucleotide sequence and cuts the DNA only at that specific site, which is known as restriction site or target sequence. More than 400 restriction enzymes have been isolated from the bacteria that manufacture them.) DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme, a ligase, that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms may specifically repair double-strand breaks.
10th , 11th ,12th biology ,bsc , neet , msc -Paper- Pteridophytes
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. "Pteridophyta" is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, respectively. Ferns and lycophytes share a life cycle and are often collectively treated or studied, for example by the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.Pteridophytes are the first true land plants: ... They are seedless, vascular cryptogams: ... They show true alternation of generations: ... Sporophyte has true roots, stem and leaves: ... Spores developed in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous: ... Sporangia are produced in groups on sporophylls: