Knowledge in 12th Chemistry
Basic Concept of Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations. ... Chemistry deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. These aspects can be best described and understood in terms of basic constituents of matter: atoms and molecules. That is why chemistry is called the science of atoms and molecules.
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Haloalkane and Haloarene NCERT Notes
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes and Haloarenes. Page 1. The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in a hydrocarbon, aliphatic or aromatic, by halogen atom(s) results in the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and aryl halide (haloarene), respectively.
Solutions NCERT Notes
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase. A solution consists of a solute and a solvent. ... For example, in a saline solution, salt is the solute dissolved in water as the solvent.
Amines NCERT Notes
Amine Structure Amines that have one of their three hydrogen atoms replaced by an alkyl or aromatic substituent are referred to as primary amines. Secondary amines are those that have two substituents and one hydrogen bonded to a nitrogen.
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemistry is a big part of your everyday life. You find chemistry in daily life in the foods you eat, the air you breathe, cleaning chemicals, your emotions and literally every object you can see or touch.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (NCERT Notes)
Alcohol is the product we get when a saturated carbon atom bonds to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. Phenol is what we get when the -OH group replaces the hydrogen atom in benzene. Ether is the product that we get when an oxygen atom bonds to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Solid States (NCERT Notes)
Solid. Solid, one of the three basic states of matter, the others being liquid and gas. (Sometimes plasmas, or ionized gases, are considered a fourth state of matter.) A solid forms from liquid or gas because the energy of atoms decreases when the atoms take up a relatively ordered, three-dimensional structure.
Electrochemistry (NCERT Notes)
Electrochemistry is the study of chemical processes that cause electrons to move. This movement of electrons is called electricity, which can be generated by movements of electrons from one element to another in a reaction known as an oxidation-reduction ("redox") reaction.
Chemical Kinetics (NCERT Notes)
Chemical kinetics is an important phenomenon in physical chemistry. The term kinetics is referred to as the study of motion. ... It is a study of chemical reaction with respect to reaction rates, effect of different variables such as temperature and concentration.
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
A few elements like carbon, sulphur, gold and noble gases, occur in free state while others in combined forms in the earth's crust. The extraction and isolation of an element from its combined form involves various principles of chemistry. A particular element may occur in a variety of compounds.
P-Block Elements {NCERT NOTES}
The p-block elements are found on the right side of the periodic table. They include the boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and flourine families in addition to the noble gases. The noble gases have full p-orbital's and are nonreactive. p block orbital.
The D and F Block Elements
The d-block elements are called transition metals and have valence electrons in d orbital's. The f-block elements,found in the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table, are called inner transition metals and have valence electrons in the f-orbital's.