The North Indian Plain

• Formed by depositional work of Rivers viz. Indus, Ganga & Brahamputra
• 2400 km long & varying in width from 240 to approx. 320 km
• Divided into three sections, viz. the Punjab Plain (Indus), the Ganga Plain and the Brahmaputra Plain

Punjab PlainsFormed by the Indus and its tributaries with major portion of this plains in PakistanGanga PlainsBetween Ghaggar and Tista rivers (Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, part of Jharkhand and West Bengal lie in the Ganga plains)Brahmaputra PlainsFrom Tista to Dihang with major portion lying in Assam

Northern plains subdivisions

• Bhabhar Lies along foothills of Shiwaliks, From Indus to Tista
• Laid down by streams coming from hills
• Comprises of pebble studded rocks (Highly porous bed plain)
• Due to high porosity, streams disappears here 
• Tarai Lies south of Bhabhar & runs parallel to it
• Marked by re-emergence of underground streams of Bhabhar belt
• Highly alluvial & agricultural land
• Has a high water table due to groundwater percolating down from the adjacent zone
• Khadar Flood plains with newer alluvium deposited by flood almost every year
• Marked with fertile soil
• Zone of intensive agriculture
• Non porous, clayey and loamy
• BhangarAlluvial terrace lying above the level of flood plains
• Composed of the oldest alluvial soil
• coarse in nature, contain kankar (lime nodules), pebbles, gravels
• Soil of this region is locally known as kankar viz. calcareous concretions