Differences, Advantages & Disadvantages of 4 stroke vs 2 stroke engine
4 STROKE ENGINE4 stroke engine completes 2 rotations of crankshaft after completing one cyclePower is produced once every 4 strokes of the piston.Engine design is a bit complicated due to valve mechanism which is operated through gear & chain mechanismEngine design is a bit complicated due to valve mechanism which is operated through gear & chain mechanismMixture remains only in the combustion chamber2 STROKE ENGINE2 stroke engine completes 1 rotation of crankshaft after completing one cycle.Power is produced once during 2 strokes of the piston.2 stroke engine has ports which makes it's design simpler.and addition of oil is requiredA bump or protuberance may be needed on top side of piston.Air-fuel mixture enters through inlet port & travels to combustion chamber passing through crankcase.2 stroke engines are lighter and louder comparatively.ADVANTAGES OF 4 STROKE ENGINE :-More torque :- In general, 4 stroke engines always make extra torque than 2 stroke engine at low RPM. Although 2 stroked ones give higher torque at higher RPM but it has a lot to do with fuel efficiency.More fuel efficiency :- 4 stroke engines have greater fuel efficiency than 2 stroke ones because fuel is consumed once every 4 strokes.Less pollution :- As power is generated once every 4 strokes & also as no oil or lubricant is added to the fuel; 4 stroke engine produces less pollution.More durability :- We all know that more the engine runs, quicker it wears out. 2 stroke engines are designed for high RPM. If an engine can go for 10000 rpm’s before it wears out; a 4 stroke engine with 100 rpm will run for 100 minutes than the other 2 stroke engine which has a higher rpm of 500 & will run for only 20 minutes.No extra addition of oil :- Only the moving parts need lubrication intermediately. No extra oil or lubricant is added to fuel.DISADVANTAGES OF 4 STROKE ENGINE :-Complicated design :- A 4 stroke engine has complex valve mechanisms operated & controlled by gears & chain. Also there are many parts to worry about which makes it harder to troubleshoot.Less powerful :- As power gets delivered once every 2 rotations of crankshaft(4 strokes), hence 4 stroke is less powerful.Expensive :- A four stroke engine has much more parts than 2 stroke engine. So they often require repairs which leads to greater expense.ADVANTAGES OF 2 STROKE ENGINE :-Simple design & construction :- It doesn’t have valves. It simply has inlet & outlet ports which makes it simpler.More powerful :- In 2 stroke engine, every alternate stroke is power stroke unlike 4 stroked one in which power gets delivered once every 4 strokes. This gives a significant power boost. Also, the acceleration will be higher & power delivery will be uniform due to same reason.Position doesn’t matter :- 2 stroke engine can work in any position as lubrication is done through the means of fuel (as the fuel passes by through whole cylinder & crankcase).DISADVANTAGES OF 2 STROKE ENGINE :-Less fuel efficiency :- For every alternate power stroke, fuel gets consumed every alternate stroke. This makes the engine less fuel efficient although it results in uniform power delivery.Oil addition could be expensive :- Two-stroke engines require a mix of oil in with the air-fuel mixture to lubricate the crankshaft, connecting rod and cylinder walls. These oils may empty your pockets.More pollution :- 2 stroke engine produces a lot of pollution. The combustion of oil added in the mixture creates a lot of smoke which leads to air pollution.Wastage of fuel :- Sometimes the fresh charge which is going to undergo combustion gets out along with the exhaust gases. This leads to wastage of fuel & also power delivery of the engine gets effected.Improper combustion :- The exhaust gases often get trapped inside the combustion chamber. This makes the fresh charge impure. Therefore maximum power doesn’t get delivered because of improper incomplete combustion.
Aditya Chaubey
The advantages and disadvantages of Internet Of Things
IoT is tagging our day-to-day objects with machine-readable identification tags. Sensors may be a couple with these tags to collect more information about the condition the everyday objects and those present around them. The same applies to various companies wherein the computers would keep track of the stock available and resources and maintain them to optimum levels, thus saving a lot of time and money.Before we understand the impact IoT can have on our way of living, it’s important to go through its advantages and disadvantages:ADVANTAGES1. Data: The more the information, the easier it is to make the right decision. Knowing what to get from the grocery while you are out, without having to check on your own, not only saves time but is convenient as well. 2. Tracking: The computers keep a track both on the quality and the viability of things at home. Knowing the expiration date of products before one consumes them improves safety and quality of life. Also, you will never run out of anything when you need it at the last moment.3. Time: The amount of time saved in monitoring and the number of trips done otherwise would be tremendous.4. Money: The financial aspect is the best advantage. This technology could replace humans who are in charge of monitoring and maintaining supplies.DISVANTAGES1. Compatibility: As of now, there is no standard for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A uniform concept like the USB or Bluetooth is required which should not be that difficult to do.2. Complexity: There are several opportunities for failure with complex systems. For example, both you and your spouse may receive messages that the milk is over and both of you may end up buying the same. That leaves you with double the quantity required. Or there is a software bug causing the printer to order ink multiple times when it requires a single cartridge.3. Privacy/Security: Privacy is a big issue with IoT. All the data must be encrypted so that data about your financial status or how much milk you consume isn’t common knowledge at the work place or with your friends.4. Safety: There is a chance that the software can be hacked and your personal information misused. The possibilities are endless. Your prescription being changed or your account details being hacked could put you at risk. Hence, all the safety risks become the consumer’s responsibility.CONCLUSION :Although IoT has quite a few disadvantages, its advantages of saving the consumer time and money can’t be ignored. So the time isn’t far when the Internet Of Things will be commonly seen in both households and companies. Efforts will have to be made to find ways to combat its disadvantages.
Pros and Cons of Self driving vehicle taking over the road
PRO: Driverless cars will offer a better quality of life.Technology is bringing big changes to the way people live their lives. The changes are coming faster than at any time in human history. Thirty years ago, few could imagine a day when everyone could have their own pocketsized supercomputer. Yet that is just what today's smartphone is. Now, the driverless car is also set to bring big changes. It too could become part of everyday life in the near future. On The Market In Three Or Four YearsCarmakers like Volkswagen and General Motors say they are almost ready to begin selling driverless cars. They say they will be on the market in just three or four years. Once the driverless cars arrive fewer people will buy their own cars. By Tribune News Service, adapted by Newsela staff on 09.14.16 Word Count 982 People will no longer have to spend thousands of dollars on a new car. Instead, when they need to get somewhere they will simply call for a driverless taxi. Driverless cars may completely change the way people travel to and from work. Most likely they will also change where and how people live.Commuting Will Be Less Of A ChoreDriverless cars could completely change the way People think about where they live. Traveling from suburb to city center will become much less tiring. People will no longer have to do the driving themselves. Because of that, people will feel less need to live where they work. They will no longer be forced to pay the high rents and taxes common in big cities. With driverless cars, driving to and from work will be easy. Instead of being tiring, it will be relaxing. Passengers will be able to catch up on their reading or watch their favorite television shows. Fewer people who work in big cities will feel the need to live in those cities. Instead, they will stay put in nearby suburbs. Once getting to work becomes easy, most of us will not mind the extra travel time.CON: Driverless cars are expensive and unsafeHaving driverless cars take millions of people to and from work each day sounds like a great idea. Actually making that happen will be very difficult, however. Big problems stand in the way. Carmakers have been working on self-driving cars for years. They say the vehicles will be ready to take over the car market in the near future. Supporters claim having millions of driverless cars will improve highway safety. Driverless cars will make even the far suburbs more convenient places to live, they sayMany Problems Need To Be Tackled FirstHowever, some huge problems still need to be solved. First, driverless cars are still not very safe. Driverless cars are guided by computers. Those computers rely on information about roads that is loaded into them. If something on the road changes, they are lost. For example, they would not obey a new stop sign. They also have problems figuring out when objects such as bits of paper garbage are harmless. For that reason, they can change course suddenly for no reason. Such sudden shifts make crashes more likely. Driverless cars simply cannot deal with changes or anything at all unusual. Passengers still must be ready to take over at a moment's notice. Passengers who do take the wheel can also cause problems, though. Recently, a driverless car came to a crosswalk and did what it was supposed to do. It slowed down to allow someone on foot to cross the street. However, the human “safety driver” panicked and hit the brakes. No one was hurt, but the driverless car was hit from behind by another car. Many More Maps NeededA driverless car cannot work unless road maps are loaded into the car's computer. Currently, the maps for Google’s self-driving cars only cover a few thousand miles of road. For driverless cars to work everywhere, millions of miles of roads would need to be entered. Updates would be needed anytime a road or road signs were changed. New laws will have to be written for driverless cars too. They will be hard to figure out. For example, who should be held responsible if a driverless car crashes? Would it be the fault of the passenger, the carmaker or the designer of the computer system? It could take judges and courts years to figure it all out. Totally self-driving cars will not be cheap, either. Making a car completely self-driving would add around $10,000 to its price.People Love Their CarsThere is also the problem of getting people to accept driverless cars. Our cars are not just transportation. They also reflect our tastes and who we are. Some people love driving down the highway in a fast sports car. It will be hard to get them to accept a driverless vehicle. For them, driverless cars would take all the fun out of driving