r reliability and commercial purposes, forming larger, more dependable networks that enhance the coordination and planning of electricity supply. In the United States, the entire electricity grid consists of hundreds of thousands of miles of high-voltage power lines and millions of miles of low-voltage power lines with distribution transformers that connect thousands of power plants to hundreds of millions of electricity customers all across the country. A flow diagram of power generation, transmission, and distribution from the power plant to residential houses. The stability of the electricity grid requires the electricity supply to constantly meet electricity demand, which in turn requires coordination of numerous entities that operate different components of the grid. The U.S. electricity grid consists of three large interconnected systems that operate to ensure its stability and reliability. To ensure coordination of electric system operations, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation developed and enforces mandatory grid reliability standards that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved.