- decoder, arithmetic circuits, ALU) UNIT-3.Sequential logic (flip flops, D,T, S-R, J-K Master- Slave, racing condition, Edge & Level triggered circuits, Shift registers, Asynchronous and synchronous counters, their types and state diagrams. Semiconductor memories, Introduction to digital ICs2716, 2732 etc. & their address decoding. Modern trends in semiconductor memories such as DRAM, FLASH RAM etc. Designing with ROM and PLA.) UNIT-4.Introduction to A/D & D/A convertors & their types, sample and hold circuits, Voltage to Frequency & Frequency to Voltage conversion. Multivibrators :Bistable, Monostable, Astable, Schmitt trigger, IC 555 & Its applications. TTL, PMOS, CMOS and NMOS logic. Interfacing between TTL to MOS. UNIT-5.Introduction to Digital Communication: Nyquist sampling theorem, time division multiplexing, PCM, quantization error, introduction to BPSK & BFSK modulation schemes, Shannon’s theorem for channel capacity.