HTML Links
HTML Links Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page. ________________________________________ HTML Links - Hyperlinks HTML links are hyperlinks. You can click on a link and jump to another document. When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand. Note: A link does not have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element. ________________________________________ HTML Links - Syntax Hyperlinks are defined with the HTML tag: link text Example Visit our HTML tutorial » The href attribute specifies the destination address (https://www.w3schools.com/html/) of the link. The link text is the visible part (Visit our HTML tutorial). Clicking on the link text will send you to the specified address. Note: Without a forward slash at the end of subfolder addresses, you might generate two requests to the server. Many servers will automatically add a forward slash to the end of the address, and then create a new request. ________________________________________
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HTML Lists
HTML List Example An Unordered List: • Item • Item • Item • Item An Ordered List: 1. First item 2. Second item 3. Third item 4. Fourth item Unordered HTML List An unordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag. The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles) by default: Example Coffee Tea Milk Try it Yourself »
HTML Layouts
HTML Layout Example Cities • London • Paris • Tokyo London London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom, with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants. Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Footer Try it Yourself » ________________________________________ HTML Layout Elements Websites often display content in multiple columns (like a magazine or newspaper). HTML offers several semantic elements that define the different parts of a web page:
HTML Tables
HTML Tables Defining an HTML Table An HTML table is defined with the tag. Each table row is defined with the tag. A table header is defined with the tag. By default, table headings are bold and centered. A table data/cell is defined with the tag. Example Firstname Lastname Age Jill
HTML Styles
HTML Styles Example I am Red I am Blue I am Big » ________________________________________ The HTML Style Attribute Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute. The HTML style attribute has the following syntax: The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value. You will learn more about CSS later in this tutorial. ________________________________________
HTML Responsive Web Design
HTML Responsive Web Design What is Responsive Web Design? Responsive Web Design is about using HTML and CSS to automatically resize, hide, shrink, or enlarge, a website, to make it look good on all devices (desktops, tablets, and phones): Try it Yourself » Note: A web page should look good on any device! ________________________________________ Setting The Viewport When making responsive web pages, add the following element in all your web pages: Example Try it Yourself »
HTML File Paths
HTML File Paths A file path describes the location of a file in a web site's folder structure. File paths are used when linking to external files like: • Web pages • Images • Style sheets • JavaScripts ________________________________________ Absolute File Paths An absolute file path is the full URL to an internet file: Example Try it Yourself » The tag is explained in the chapter about HTML Images. ________________________________________ Relative File Paths A relative file path points to a file relative to the current page. In this example, the file path points to a file in the images folder located at the root of the current web: Example Try it Yourself » In this example, the file path points to a file in the images folder located in the current folder: Example
HTML JavaScript
HTML JavaScript JavaScript makes HTML pages more dynamic and interactive. Example My First JavaScript Click me to display Date and Time Try it Yourself » ________________________________________ The HTML Tag The tag is used to define a client-side script (JavaScript). The element either contains script statements, or it points to an external script file through the src attribute. Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content. To select an HTML element, JavaScript most often uses the document.getElementById() method. This JavaScript example writes "Hello JavaScript!" into an HTML element with id="demo": Example document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript!"; Try it Yourself » Tip: You can learn much more about JavaScript in our JavaScript Tutorial. ________________________________________
HTML Entities
HTML Entities Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities. Characters that are not present on your keyboard can also be replaced by entities. ________________________________________ HTML Entities Some characters are reserved in HTML. If you use the less than () signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags. Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML. A character entity looks like this: &entity_name; OR &#entity_number; To display a less than sign (
HTML Styles
HTML Styles HTML Styles - CSS CSS = Styles and Colors Manipulate Text Colors, Boxes ________________________________________ Styling HTML with CSS CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once. CSS can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways: • Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML elements • Internal - by using a element in the section • External - by using an external CSS file The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in separate CSS files. However, here we will use inline and internal styling, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself. Tip: You can learn much more about CSS in our CSS Tutorial. ________________________________________ Inline CSS An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element. An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element. This example sets the text color of the element to blue:
HTML Editors
HTML Editors Write HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors. However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac). We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML. Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit. ________________________________________ Step 1: Open Notepad (PC) Windows 8 or later: Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad. Windows 7 or earlier: Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad ________________________________________ Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac) Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences > Format > choose "Plain Text" Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text". Then open a new document to place the code. ________________________________________
HTML Picture Element
HTML Picture Element The picture element allows us to display different pictures for different devices or screen sizes. ________________________________________